NF-kB

Image

Fig. 1. Regulation of NF-small kappa, GreekB activity. Extracellular signals lead to activation of the IKK complex through proteins referred to as adaptors. (The IKK kinase complex is the core element of the NF-κB cascade. It is essentially made of two kinases (IKKα and IKKβ) and a regulatory subunit, NEMO/IKKγ.) Phosphorylation of the kinase subunits of the IKK complex induces its activity. The IKK complex consists of catalytic subunits (IKKsmall alpha, Greek, IKsmall beta, Greek), a structural regulatory subunit (IKKsmall gamma, Greek or NEMO) and several other associated proteins. Induction of the IKK complex phosphorylates the Ismall kappa, GreekB proteins (Ismall kappa, GreekBsmall alpha, Greek, Ismall kappa, GreekBsmall beta, Greek and Ismall kappa, GreekBrounded small epsilon, Greek) which are then ubiquitinated and degraded. NF-small kappa, GreekB is released and translocates to the nucleus interacting with target DNA sequences, other transcription factors and co-activator proteins that regulate histone acetylase activity. The figure depicts the recently described pathway of TNF–receptor signaling through the adaptor protein RIP and the upstream kinase NIK.

Target Genes of NF-kB

Cytokines/Chemokines and their Modulators
Immunoreceptors
Proteins Involved in Antigen Presentation
Cell Adhesion Molecules
Acute Phase Proteins
Stress Response Genes
Cell Surface Receptors
Regulators of Apoptosis
Growth Factors, Ligands and their Modulators
Early Response Genes
Transcription Factors and Regulators
Viruses
Enzymes
Miscellaneous